MSME / Udyam Registration for Koyambedu Wholesale Market (PIN 600107)

Sub-section (h) of Section 2 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act 2006 defines the term enterprise as an industrial undertaking or a business concern or any other establishment engaged in the manufacture or production of goods pertaining to any industry specified in the First Schedule to the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act 1951, or engaged in providing or rendering of any service or services. It is to be noted that this definitional anchor decides which activity qualifies for classification as a micro, small or medium enterprise and, by extension, which activity may obtain a Udyam Registration certificate.

Sub-section (1) of Section 7 of the MSMED Act 2006, as substantively amended through Notification S.O. 2119(E) dated 26-06-2020, provides the composite criteria for classification of enterprises. An enterprise is classified as micro where investment in plant and machinery or equipment does not exceed one crore rupees and turnover does not exceed five crore rupees; as small where the corresponding figures do not exceed ten crore and fifty crore rupees; and as medium where they do not exceed fifty crore and two hundred fifty crore rupees respectively. Both the investment and turnover ceilings have to be satisfied simultaneously.

Section 8 of the Act prescribes the filing of a Memorandum by the enterprise. Following the regime change of 01-07-2020, this Memorandum has been replaced by the Udyam Registration filed online on the Udyam Registration Portal. Sub-section (1) of Section 8 read with Notification G.S.R. 621(E) dated 25-06-2020 lays down that the filing is paperless, based on self-declaration, and integrated with the PAN and GSTIN databases of the enterprise.

Section 405 of the Companies Act 2013 read with the Specified Companies (Furnishing of information about payment to micro and small enterprise suppliers) Order 2019 obligates every specified company having outstanding payments to micro or small enterprise suppliers for a period of more than forty-five days from the date of acceptance to file a half-yearly return in Form MSME-1 furnishing particulars of the dues and reasons for the delay. Returns for the periods ended 30 September and 31 March are due by 31 October and 30 April respectively.

Notification G.S.R. 621(E) dated 25-06-2020 introduced the new registration framework styled Udyam Registration with effect from 01-07-2020. The notification supersedes earlier processes including the Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum and the Entrepreneur Memorandum Part-I and Part-II. The process is paperless and based on self-declaration; no document or proof is required to be uploaded for registering an MSME. Existing UAM registrations had to be re-registered under Udyam by the dates extended by subsequent notifications.

Section 15 of the MSMED Act 2006 imposes a statutory liability on the buyer of any goods or services from a registered micro or small enterprise to make payment on or before the date agreed upon in writing, and where no such date is agreed, before the appointed day. The appointed day is the day immediately following the expiry of fifteen days from the day of acceptance or the day of deemed acceptance of the goods or services. The maximum permissible credit period under written agreement is forty-five days from the date of acceptance.

What is Udyam Registration and why does it matter

Economic significance and policy objective

The U.K. Sinha Committee Report 2019 on MSME finance documented that the MSME sector contributes approximately thirty per cent of national gross value added and is responsible for forty-five per cent of national manufacturing output and forty per cent of exports. The OECD SME Policy Index 2018 placed India in the middle band of comparable jurisdictions on the dimension of MSME formalisation, with the principal weakness being low coverage of the very-small and informal end of the sector. The policy objective of the Udyam regime is therefore twofold: to bring informal enterprises into the recorded universe through low-friction self-declaration, and to make the recorded universe legally bankable through automatic data-linkage with PAN, GST and TReDS, thereby reducing the credit-information asymmetry that has historically constrained MSME lending in India.

Headline benefits at a glance

An Udyam-registered enterprise becomes eligible for the Public Procurement Policy for MSEs Order 2012 (revised 2018) under which central ministries, departments and Central Public Sector Enterprises must source twenty-five per cent of their annual procurement from Micro and Small Enterprises. It becomes a protected supplier under Section 43B(h) of the Income Tax Act inserted by Finance Act 2023, enabling automatic disallowance of corresponding deductions in the buyer's hands if payment is not made within forty-five days of acceptance. It qualifies for collateral-free credit under the CGTMSE scheme up to ₹500 lakh, for priority-sector lending classification under RBI/2017-18/82, for participation in the TReDS receivables-financing framework, and for several state-level interest-subvention and electricity-tariff-rebate schemes.

Statutory basis under the MSMED Act 2006

Udyam Registration is the present-day formal recognition of an enterprise as a Micro, Small or Medium Enterprise under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act 2006 (the MSMED Act). The Act was enacted on the recommendation of the S.P. Gupta Study Group on Development of Small Enterprises and replaced the earlier industries-development legislation that had only recognised small-scale industrial units. The Udyam Registration regime itself was constituted by Notification S.O. 1702(E) of 26-06-2020 issued by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in exercise of powers under Section 7 read with Section 8 of the MSMED Act, supplemented by G.S.R.621(E) which established the Udyam Registration portal as the single window for the entire process. The certificate is a legal recognition; it is not a licence to do business, but it unlocks an entire suite of statutory, fiscal and procurement-related benefits.

Classification criteria under Notification S.O. 1702(E)

Manufacturing-services parity

The pre-2020 classification distinguished between manufacturing enterprises and service enterprises, with significantly lower thresholds for the latter. S.O. 1702(E) deliberately abolished this distinction in furtherance of the EGoS 2018 recommendation that policy treat the two sectors on parity. After 26-06-2020, the same composite limits of ₹1 crore / ₹5 crore (Micro), ₹10 crore / ₹50 crore (Small) and ₹50 crore / ₹250 crore (Medium) apply uniformly to manufacturing and services. The change materially expanded MSME coverage in the services sector, especially among IT and IT-enabled services, professional firms, healthcare and education, where the historical investment-based exclusion had kept large numbers of otherwise small economic units outside the MSME policy umbrella.

Investment-limb computation

The Explanation to S.O. 1702(E) directs that investment in plant and machinery or equipment is to be computed on the basis of the written-down value as appearing in the income-tax return filed under Section 139 of the Income Tax Act for the previous financial year. For a new enterprise in its first year of operation that has not yet filed an income-tax return, the investment is taken on a self-declaration basis on the Udyam portal, subject to subsequent verification against the first ITR. Items excluded from the computation are land and building, items pertaining to research and development, pollution-control equipment and industrial safety devices, mirroring the carve-outs that earlier applied under Notification S.O. 1722(E) of 05-10-2006. GST-component on the value of plant and machinery is also excluded.

Turnover-limb computation and export exclusion

The turnover limb is computed on the basis of the figures appearing in the income-tax return and the GST return for the previous financial year. The proviso to paragraph 4 of S.O. 1702(E) makes a critical concession: the value of exports of goods or services is excluded from the turnover figure for the purposes of MSME classification. The exclusion is intended to encourage export orientation among MSMEs and avoids penalising enterprises whose growth is export-led. The exclusion is however strictly confined to physical exports reflected in shipping bills and GSTR-1 Table 6A — it does not extend to deemed exports, supplies to merchant exporters or supplies to SEZs by a non-SEZ supplier, though it does cover exports of services that satisfy Section 2(6) of the IGST Act.

Procedure for online Udyam Registration

PAN and Aadhaar prerequisites

The Udyam Registration process is fully online through the portal at udyamregistration.gov.in. The prerequisites are a Permanent Account Number of the enterprise (proprietor's PAN in case of a sole proprietorship, firm's PAN in case of a partnership or LLP, and company's PAN in case of an incorporated entity), and a valid Aadhaar number of the proprietor, managing partner or authorised signatory as the case may be. The Aadhaar of the authorised signatory is authenticated through an OTP sent to the mobile number linked with that Aadhaar in the UIDAI database. Without a valid Aadhaar-linked mobile, the registration cannot proceed online, and an alternative offline pathway through the District Industries Centre is available but used infrequently.

Data fields and self-declaration

The Udyam portal captures the enterprise's PAN, GSTIN, NIC 2008 activity code (one principal code and up to ten secondary codes), bank account details, number of persons employed (male, female and others), and the investment-in-plant-and-machinery and turnover figures for the previous financial year. Most data fields are auto-populated by API integration with the PAN and GST databases, with the applicant required only to confirm the figures. The self-declared figures are deemed final at the time of registration but are subject to subsequent automated verification when the income-tax return for the relevant year is filed, in line with the data-linkage architecture set out in G.S.R.621(E).

Issuance of Udyam Registration Number and certificate

On successful submission and Aadhaar authentication, the system instantaneously generates a permanent Udyam Registration Number in the format UDYAM-XX-NN-NNNNNNN, where the first segment refers to the state code, the second to the district code and the third to a unique numeric identifier. A digital Udyam Registration Certificate is issued in PDF, bearing the UDYAM-XX-NN-NNNNNNN number, the classification (Micro, Small or Medium), the date of registration and a QR code that allows verification on the portal. The certificate is permanent and does not require periodic renewal, but the underlying classification is subject to automatic annual update based on the PAN and GST data integration described in S.O. 2119(E).

Benefits under the Public Procurement Policy 2012

358 items reserved for exclusive MSE purchase

Annexure A to the Public Procurement Policy 2012 lists 358 items that central ministries and CPSEs are required to procure exclusively from Micro and Small Enterprises. The list spans a wide range of products including office furniture, laboratory equipment, leather goods, hand tools, certain textile items, electrical accessories, and specified chemicals. The list is reviewed and updated periodically by the Ministry of MSME in consultation with the Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade. An MSE manufacturing any item on the Annexure A list enjoys a captive market for that item in central procurement, subject to satisfying basic quality and delivery norms set by the procuring entity, and the Udyam Registration is the qualifying credential.

25 per cent procurement set-aside

The Public Procurement Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises Order 2012, notified by the Ministry of MSME in exercise of powers under Section 11 of the MSMED Act, mandates that every central ministry, department and Central Public Sector Enterprise procure a minimum of twenty-five per cent of its total annual procurement of goods and services from Micro and Small Enterprises. The 2012 figure was originally twenty per cent and was raised to twenty-five per cent in 2018. The policy is implemented through the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) portal and through individual procurement tenders floated by the procuring entities. The set-aside is administered by the Public Procurement Cell of the Ministry of MSME, which collects compliance data annually and publishes performance against the target on its dashboard.

Sub-set-aside for SC/ST and Women MSEs

Within the twenty-five per cent overall set-aside, the 2018 amendment introduced two further sub-sets: four per cent of the procurement is reserved for Micro and Small Enterprises owned by Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe entrepreneurs, and three per cent for Micro and Small Enterprises owned by women entrepreneurs. The sub-sets are administered through the GeM portal's filtering mechanism, which surfaces eligible vendors to procuring entities on a priority basis. Eligibility for the SC/ST sub-set requires that at least fifty-one per cent of the enterprise be owned by SC/ST individuals, and the women sub-set requires equivalent ownership by women. The ownership tag is captured at the Udyam-registration stage through a self-declaration field and is verified at the GeM-onboarding stage.

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