Professional Business Valuation for Royapuram businesses near Royapuram Fishing Harbour — with WhatsApp-first document intake
Business Valuation for port-related trade businesses in Royapuram near Royapuram Fishing Harbour with on-time portal submission and full statutory reconciliation. Call 9566-068-468.
Rule 21 of the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules 2019 read with Schedule I prescribes pricing — for issue or transfer of shares of an Indian company to a non-resident, the price must not be less than the FMV per any internationally accepted pricing methodology (DCF / NAV / comparable companies); for transfer from non-resident to resident, the price must not exceed FMV. The valuation must be certified by a SEBI-registered Merchant Banker or a Chartered Accountant / Cost Accountant. For listed shares, SEBI ICDR / SAST pricing applies.
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Prices exclude GST. For enterprise pricing, call 9566-068-468.
Expert Valuation in Royapuram — qualified professionals, 15+ years experience, zero-penalty track record.
Pre-1-April-2025 share issues are valued under Rule 11UA(2). Post-1-April-2025, Section 56(2)(viib) is abolished and the focus shifts to FEMA NDI Schedule I (cross-border) and Section 50CA + Rule 11UAA (transferor side) and Section 56(2)(x) (transferee side).
Where unquoted shares are transferred below FMV, Section 50CA deems FMV as the consideration for capital gains. Rule 11UAA NAV-based FMV computed and the transferor defended. Transferee's parallel Section 56(2)(x) exposure also documented.
Pricing certificate issued under Rule 21 of FEMA NDI Rules 2019 Schedule I for issue or transfer of equity to / from non-residents — at not less than / not more than FMV per internationally accepted methodology, signed by SEBI Merchant Banker or CA.
International transactions and specified domestic transactions benchmarked under Section 92C — TNMM, CUP, RPM, CPM, PSM evaluated. Range concept under Rule 10CA applied where six or more comparables (35th to 65th percentile).
Intangibles valued under ICVS 302 — brand by Relief from Royalty (royalty rate × revenue × (1 - tax) discounted), customer list by MPEEM with attrition and contributory asset charges, technology by replacement cost, goodwill as residual under Ind AS 103 PPA.
DCF report drafted to survive Section 56(2)(viib) scrutiny — methodology and inputs as on the valuation date, not actuals deviation. Cinestaan Entertainment (Delhi HC 2021) and Rameshwaram Strong Glass (ITAT Jaipur) authorities cited. Reasonableness of projections defended through industry benchmarks.
Every Business Valuation engagement delivers measurable, guaranteed outcomes — expert professionals, on time, every time.
Why this matters here — Across Royapuram, the business activity radiating outward from Royapuram Fishing Harbour and nearby commercial pockets. Practitioners note that with quick access via Royapuram Suburban Railway and feeder routes connecting Royapuram to the rest of Chennai.
Share documents via WhatsApp to 9566-068-468. No office visit required for Royapuram clients.
Miss any of these and the next consequence kicks in automatically.
Deadlines in this neighbourhood — Across Royapuram, the cluster of port-related trade, wholesale, traditional commerce businesses that defines Royapuram's commercial fabric.
Deadline pressure points we see in Royapuram: Closer to Royapuram, for Royapuram units balancing production cycles with monthly GST and quarterly TDS compliance.
Primary deliverable - establishes Fair Market Value of equity for Income Tax (Rule 11UA), Companies Act (Section 247), FEMA NDI, and Ind AS 113 reporting purposes; underpins board, shareholder and statutory filings.
Standalone FMV certificate evidencing that the issue price of shares to residents (and post-2023 to non-residents) does not exceed the prescribed FMV, neutralising angel-tax exposure under Section 56(2)(viib) and Section 56(2)(x).
IBBI-Registered Valuer (SFA asset class) report supporting preferential allotment under Section 62(1)(c), buy-back under Section 68, share-swap under Sections 230-232, FEMA NDI pricing, and ESOP fair value under Ind AS 102.
Every claim on this page can be traced back to a section or rule below.
Income Tax Rules 11UA Section 56(2) and Companies (Share Capital) Rules 2014 is the operative provision for business valuation in this engagement. Business valuation for M&A transfer pricing fundraising buy-back DCF NAV market multiple methods The taxpayer should ensure the procedural conditions under this section are met before any filing or submission. Failure to comply attracts the consequences separately prescribed under the penalty and interest provisions of the same Act.
Royapuram (PIN 600013) falls under the Sowcarpet Division of the Chennai North, the jurisdiction that handles statutory matters for businesses at this PIN. Approvals, acknowledgements and queries for Royapuram businesses tie back to the Sowcarpet Division, so our Valuation cadence accounts for how that office works. Records we prepare for Royapuram carry the geo-zone 600xx tag and coordinates 13.1107, 80.2961, which map each submission back to this locality. Because PIN 600013 sits inside the Chennai North jurisdiction, the handling office for Royapuram stays consistent across years, which matters when filings or approvals span cycles.
Royapuram sustains a high flow of commerce for a port adjacent traditional commerce locality, and that flow is the raw material for the Valuation files we close here. Freight and foot traffic from the Royapuram Suburban Railway hub pull steady daily commerce through Royapuram, so there is rarely a quiet filing month in this port adjacent traditional commerce pocket. Working in Royapuram brings a logistical edge: proximity to Royapuram Fishing Harbour and the Royapuram Suburban Railway corridor keeps physical document handling fast. Commercial activity in Royapuram runs high, so Valuation volumes scale through peak months and we staff the Royapuram desk accordingly.
For a wholesale business in Royapuram, the Business Valuation scope is rarely generic; we tailor the checklist to how that sector actually transacts. We have closed enough Business Valuation files for wholesale firms near Royapuram to know where the department usually probes. The business mix in Royapuram centres on wholesale, and that sector carries its own Business Valuation quirks we plan for in advance. Because Royapuram hosts a cluster of wholesale businesses, we benchmark each new Business Valuation engagement against patterns we already track for the locality.
From the first Business Valuation cycle, a Royapuram engagement is set up to be audit-ready rather than reconstructed under pressure later. The Royapuram Business Valuation workflow is documented end-to-end: WhatsApp document intake, a working file, qualified review, and a filed acknowledgement back to you. Turnaround for Royapuram Business Valuation is deterministic — fixed fee, a scoped timeline, and a same-business-day acknowledgement once filed. Working papers for Royapuram Business Valuation engagements stay archived and retrievable, which makes any later notice or query straightforward to answer.
Proximity to George Town means a Royapuram engagement can extend across the locality cluster with no change in cadence. Business Valuation clients in George Town are handled by the same practitioners who run our Royapuram desk. Serving Royapuram and George Town from one team keeps Business Valuation turnaround identical across the cluster. Coverage from Royapuram naturally extends to George Town, so group entities across the area share one Business Valuation workflow.
The Business Valuation mistakes we see most in Royapuram are avoidable with disciplined intake, which our checklist enforces. Sector signals in Royapuram — seasonal traditional commerce swings and peak-period volumes — shape how we schedule Valuation work. Patterns we track for Royapuram include traditional commerce documentation gaps, timing mismatches, and the questions the Sowcarpet Division tends to raise. Common patterns in the Sowcarpet Division give Royapuram businesses an early-warning map we use to pre-empt Valuation issues.
When a Washermanpet business expands into Royapuram, we extend its Valuation setup to PIN 600013 without disruption. A startup setting up near Royapuram Fishing Harbour in Royapuram gets a Valuation foundation built for the Sowcarpet Division from day one. New wholesale ventures in Royapuram lean on us to stand up Business Valuation correctly before the first deadline rather than after a notice. Shifting principal place of business to Royapuram means updating jurisdiction to the Chennai North, and we manage the paperwork end-to-end.
IBBI Registered Valuer reports under Section 247 Companies Act + Rule 11UA(2) Income-tax Rules + ICAI Valuation Standards 101-303 — DCF, NAV, Comparable Companies and Comparable Transactions methods reconciled for Royapuram clients.
DCF method with 5-10 year explicit projection, Gordon-growth or exit-multiple terminal value, WACC build-up via CAPM (Rf 7% G-Sec + β × MRP 6-8%) — Cinestaan / Rameshwaram defence applied for Section 56(2)(viib) scrutiny.
Rule 13 Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules 2014 compliance — Registered Valuer report in Securities or Financial Assets class for fresh issue, buy-back under Section 68 + Section 115QA, scheme of arrangement under Sections 230-232.
Rule 21 FEMA NDI Rules 2019 Schedule I FDI / ODI pricing certificate by Merchant Banker / CA, and Section 92C transfer pricing benchmarking with Rule 10B (TNMM / CUP / RPM / CPM / PSM) and Rule 10CA Range concept.
Pre-Finance Act 2023, non-resident-investor route was exempt from Section 56(2)(viib). Post-amendment effective from April 2023, non-resident investments also attract angel-tax on premium above FMV. DPIIT-recognition and Form 2 exemption remain available for eligible startups.
Rule 11UA permits valuation up to 90 days preceding share-allotment date. CBDT clarification supports valuation-date flexibility within statutory window. Merchant-banker certificate confirms no material-change between valuation-date and allotment-date. Stale valuation beyond window triggers Method A fallback.
Section 115JB Minimum Alternate Tax computes 15 percent book-profit subject to Explanation 1 add-backs. Ind AS 109 fair-value-gain through P&L is included; through OCI is generally excluded. Hindustan Lever Employees Union framework respects audited financial-statement valuation absent specific add-back.
Section 2(19AA) requires book-value transfer of all assets/liabilities of undertaking, proportionate share-allotment to demerged-company shareholders, and continuation of business. Rule 11UA Method A NAV alignment with book-value condition critical. NCLT-sanctioned scheme order and Section 247 Registered Valuer report essential.
Goetze (India) v CIT SC held AO cannot entertain oral fresh-claims; revised return under Section 139(5) required. However, appellate authorities CIT(A) and ITAT can entertain fresh-claims via Section 246A and Section 253. Section 154 rectification offers alternative procedural route.
Rule 11UB applies to offshore share-transfer where shares derive substantial value (50 percent threshold) from Indian assets. Indian-asset-derivation percentage computed on consolidated-entity basis with goodwill and non-Indian-business adjustments. Vodafone International Holdings SC principles apply on territorial-nexus.
What Royapuram clients want to know before signing: Closer to Royapuram, around the Royapuram Fishing Harbour catchment of Royapuram.
Reading this guide locally — Across Royapuram, on the George Town-Tondiarpet corridor that passes through Royapuram.
The International Valuation Standards 200 series on businesses and business interests, published by the IVS Council and adopted in modified form by IBBI through Valuation Standard 102, organises business-valuation methodologies into three approaches — the income approach (discounted cash flow, capitalisation of earnings), the market approach (guideline public-company method, comparable transaction method) and the cost approach (net asset value, adjusted book value). The standards do not prescribe a single methodology but require the valuer to select methodologies appropriate to the engagement, document the selection rationale, and triangulate the outputs. CFA Institute Equity Asset Valuation chapter on private company valuation provides a parallel framework with substantially overlapping methodology lists. Aswath Damodaran's framework on private company and start-up valuation extends the cost-of-capital build-up to incorporate size premia and specific-company-risk adjustments. The Royapuram valuation engagement should select methodologies grounded in the IVS taxonomy with explicit reference to the applicable standard.
Section 56(2)(viib) was introduced by the Finance Act 2012 as part of the anti-abuse framework targeting closely-held companies receiving share premium materially above the underlying business fair value from resident investors. The legislative concern, as articulated in the Memorandum to Finance Bill 2012, was the conversion of unaccounted income into apparent share-premium receipts through circular routing. The Finance Act 2023 extended the provision to receipts from non-residents, addressing the carve-out exploited through overseas-routed funding. The provision operates as a deeming charge — to the extent the consideration exceeds the fair market value, the differential is taxed under the residuary head Income from Other Sources. The policy framework is best understood as a valuation-anchored anti-evasion construct rather than a pure income tax, and the Royapuram closely-held company raising funding must approach the Section 56(2)(viib) compliance through valuation rigour rather than rate optimisation.
Business valuation in the Indian context operates at the intersection of multiple statutory and regulatory frameworks, no single one of which is exhaustive. The Income-tax Act 1961 contemplates fair market value at several junctures — Section 56(2)(viib) on receipt of share premium by a closely-held company, Section 56(2)(x) on receipt of property by any person without or for inadequate consideration, Section 50CA on transfer of unlisted shares below fair market value, Section 50B read with Rule 11UAE on slump sales, and Section 92 read with Rules 10A to 10T on international and specified domestic transactions. The Companies Act 2013 through Section 247 read with the Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules 2017 imposes a registered-valuer requirement on valuations under that Act, with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India operating as the registering authority and issuing the Valuation Standards 101 through 103. Ind AS 113 transposes IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement into the Indian accounting framework. The Royapuram taxpayer or company engaging with valuation must first identify which framework governs the exercise before any methodology selection.
The IBBI Valuation Standards 101, 102 and 103, issued in 2018 with subsequent amendments, constitute the procedural framework binding registered valuers. Standard 101 on definitions establishes the conceptual vocabulary including fair value, market value, investment value and liquidation value. Standard 102 on valuation approaches and methods prescribes the three-approach framework (cost, income, market) with sub-methodologies and approach-selection discipline. Standard 103 on valuation report and documentation prescribes the report content, the working-paper retention requirement and the engagement-documentation framework. The standards align broadly with IVS International Valuation Standards 2017 and 2020 editions. The Royapuram registered valuer producing any report must comply with all three standards explicitly, with the report structured around the Standard 103 content requirements.
IBBI Valuation Standard 103 paragraph on engagement requires the registered valuer to execute an engagement letter capturing the purpose of valuation, the valuation date, the standard of value, the methodology framework, the deliverables, the reliance limitations, the fee structure and the timeline. The engagement-letter discipline mirrors the IVS 101 General Standards on scope of work. The CFA Institute Equity Asset Valuation framework on private-company valuation prescribes parallel discipline. The Royapuram engagement should commence with a detailed engagement letter executed before any valuation work, with the scope-definition tightly framed to the statutory or commercial purpose. Subsequent scope expansion should flow through formal amendment letters rather than informal communication.
IBBI Valuation Standard 103 paragraph on working papers requires the registered valuer to retain working papers, source data, methodology computations and review documentation for at least eight years from the report date. The retention horizon supports any subsequent regulatory enquiry, professional-disciplinary review or quality-assurance audit. Working papers must include the engagement-letter copy, the financial-statement extracts relied upon, the cash-flow projection working paper, the discount-rate build-up working paper, the comparable-companies database extracts, the management interview notes and the review-supervisor sign-offs. The Royapuram registered valuer should structure the working-paper file at the engagement commencement rather than reconstruct retrospectively, since reconstruction creates audit-defence vulnerability.
Section 50CA of the Income-tax Act, inserted by the Finance Act 2017 with effect from assessment year 2018-19, addresses transfer of unquoted shares for consideration less than fair market value. The provision deems the consideration to be the fair market value computed under Rule 11UA(1)(c)(b) for capital-gains computation in the transferor's hands. The provision operates as a deeming charge — the actual consideration is disregarded to the extent it falls below Rule 11UA fair market value, with the differential captured as deemed capital gain. The provision applies to all transferors (individual, HUF, firm, company), and there is no carve-out for related-party transfers below the Rule 11UA value. The Royapuram transferor of unquoted shares must therefore price the transfer at or above the Rule 11UA(1)(c)(b) value or accept the deeming consequence in the capital-gains computation.
Section 50CA on the transferor side operates in conjunction with Section 56(2)(x) on the recipient side. Where the transfer is below fair market value, the transferor faces deemed-consideration recharacterisation under Section 50CA, and the recipient faces taxation on the differential under Section 56(2)(x) Income from Other Sources. The combination of the two provisions produces a parallel charge on both sides of the transaction, with potential aggregate-tax exposure approaching the differential itself. The Section 56(2)(x) recipient-side charge is subject to relative-transfer exemption under the proviso (transfers to relatives as defined in the Explanation), but the Section 50CA transferor-side charge has no such exemption. The Royapuram parties to any unquoted-share transfer must run both computations and structure the transaction at fair market value to neutralise both charges.
Section 50CA on unquoted shares mirrors the structural design of Section 50C on land and building transfers. Section 50C deems the consideration on transfer of land or building to be the stamp-duty value where the actual consideration is less. The two provisions share the deeming-charge architecture but differ in the fair-value reference — Section 50C looks to stamp-duty value as fixed by the State stamp authority, whereas Section 50CA looks to Rule 11UA fair market value computed under Income-tax Rules. The Finance Act 2018 introduced a five-percent safe harbour under Section 50C, and the Finance Act 2020 extended this to ten percent. Section 50CA does not have a corresponding safe-harbour mechanism. The Royapuram transferor structuring an unquoted-share transfer therefore lacks the cushion available on land transfers, and pricing precisely at Rule 11UA value is the only safe-harbour-equivalent strategy.
The Finance Act 2017 substantially narrowed the specified-domestic-transactions framework under Section 92BA by removing transactions between related domestic parties from the ambit, retaining only transactions involving tax-holiday-claiming units. The amendment reduced the compliance burden on domestic groups but did not displace the underlying arm's length principle — domestic transactions remain subject to the general anti-avoidance framework, Section 56(2)(viib) and 56(2)(x) recharacterisation, and the substance-over-form jurisprudence. The Royapuram domestic group transacting intra-group must therefore continue to substantiate the fair value of the transactions even where Section 92BA no longer applies, using the valuation framework as the primary defence floor.
Section 92 of the Income-tax Act read with Rules 10A to 10T provides the arm's length pricing framework for international transactions and specified domestic transactions. The methodology choice under Rule 10B includes — comparable uncontrolled price method, resale price method, cost plus method, profit split method, transactional net margin method, and other method as prescribed under Rule 10AB. Each methodology has a defined applicability and a prescribed computational discipline. The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations provide the international benchmark from which the Indian framework substantially derives. The Royapuram entity engaged in international or specified domestic transactions must document the methodology selection per the Rule 10D documentation framework and file Form 3CEB as the report of the transactions and the methodology.
Intra-group business valuation transactions — share transfers between holding and subsidiary, slump sale to a related entity, asset transfer between sister concerns — operate at the intersection of business valuation and transfer pricing. The valuation establishes the underlying fair market value, and the transfer pricing analysis tests whether the pricing satisfies the arm's length principle. Where the two diverge, the assessment officer typically references the lower of the two as the operative value. The CFA Institute Equity Asset Valuation framework on private-company valuation observes that intra-group transactions require parallel valuation and transfer-pricing analysis to address both Sections 50CA, 56(2)(viib), 56(2)(x) and Section 92 simultaneously. The Royapuram group undertaking intra-group restructuring should commission an integrated valuation-and-transfer-pricing study.
What Royapuram clients usually ask next: Closer to Royapuram, for Royapuram units balancing production cycles with monthly GST and quarterly TDS compliance.
DPIIT-recognised startup angel-tax exemption — Notification GSR 127(E) read with Section 56(2)(viib) proviso exempts DPIIT-recognised startups from angel tax provided paid-up capital plus share premium does not exceed ₹25 crore and the investor satisfies specified criteria.
Section 50CA — treats stamp-duty value as full value of consideration for transfer of unquoted shares where the actual consideration is less than the FMV computed under Rule 11UAA. Plugs the undervaluation route between related parties.
Rule 11UA(2) — prescribes the methods for determining FMV of unquoted equity shares for Section 56(2)(viib) purposes: either NAV method under sub-rule (1)(c)(b) or DCF method by a Category-1 SEBI-registered merchant banker. The DCF report is valid for 90 days from the date of the report for share-issuance purposes.
Discounted Cash Flow Method — projects future free cash flows of a business over an explicit forecast period (typically 5 years) plus a terminal value, and discounts them to present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Prescribed under Rule 11UA(2)(b) for unlisted equity-share valuation by a Category-1 merchant banker.
Free Cash Flow to Firm — cash flow available to all capital providers (equity and debt) before financing costs. Computed as EBIT(1-tax) + Depreciation - Capex - change in working capital. Discounted at WACC to arrive at enterprise value.
Free Cash Flow to Equity — cash flow available to equity shareholders after meeting debt obligations. Computed as Net Income + Depreciation - Capex - change in working capital + net borrowings. Discounted at cost of equity to arrive directly at equity value.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital — blended cost of equity and after-tax cost of debt weighted by their respective market-value proportions in the capital structure. Indian listed-company WACC typically ranges 11%-14%; unlisted-startup WACC 18%-25%.
Capital Asset Pricing Model — formula to compute cost of equity as Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Equity Risk Premium. Standard model under Rule 11UA(2) DCF reports and Section 247 Registered Valuer reports.
Beta — measure of a stock's volatility relative to the market. Levered beta captures both business and financial risk; unlevered beta isolates business risk by stripping out leverage. Hamada equation is used to relever beta to the target company's capital structure.
Risk-Free Rate — yield on a default-free instrument used as the base in CAPM. In India the 10-year G-Sec yield is the conventional proxy, typically 6.8%-7.4% as on recent valuation dates.
Equity Risk Premium — expected excess return of equity over the risk-free rate. For India the ERP used in CAPM ranges between 6% and 8% based on Damodaran's country-risk-adjusted estimates, with 7% being the working median.
Terminal Value — value of cash flows beyond the explicit forecast period, computed using the Gordon Growth Model as FCF_(n+1) / (WACC - g) where g is the long-term sustainable growth rate, typically 4%-6% for India aligned with long-term nominal GDP growth.
Numerical examples showing tax + interest + penalty across common default scenarios.
How Royapuram businesses typically avoid these: Closer to Royapuram, the business activity radiating outward from Royapuram Fishing Harbour and nearby commercial pockets, which is why for Royapuram units balancing production cycles with monthly GST and quarterly TDS compliance.
How the local trade mix shapes this — Across Royapuram, the business activity radiating outward from Royapuram Fishing Harbour and nearby commercial pockets.
Real client situations (names changed); illustrative of the kind of work we do.
Why these Royapuram engagements look the way they do: Closer to Royapuram, the business activity radiating outward from Royapuram Fishing Harbour and nearby commercial pockets, which is why for Royapuram units balancing production cycles with monthly GST and quarterly TDS compliance.
“Filed a preferential allotment of ₹14 crore at our SaaS company and FilingPro's Registered Valuer prepared the Rule 11UA(2) DCF report. Five-year projection, WACC of 18.4% with industry beta re-levered to our D/E, sensitivity grid disclosed. ROC and our investor's diligence team accepted without queries.”
“Buy-back of ₹6 crore under Section 68 — needed a defensible price. The team prepared NAV plus comparable-companies cross-check, included DLOM 22%, and walked our independent directors through the workings. Section 115QA buy-back tax computed correctly for the pre-1-October-2024 window.”
“Inbound FDI from a Singapore parent. Got the FEMA NDI Schedule I pricing certificate done with DCF + comparable companies — RBI single-master-form filing went through cleanly. Fair pricing opinion delivered in 9 working days.”
“Family share transfer at ₹100 per share when book value was ₹260. Section 50CA + Rule 11UAA workings prepared with full Excel model, transferee's Section 56(2)(x) exposure also documented. Defended at ITAT scrutiny — assessment dropped.”
“ESOP perquisite valuation for an unlisted entity at exercise — Black-Scholes done with peer-derived volatility and 4.2-year expected life. Section 192 TDS computed correctly and the perquisite booked under Section 17(2)(vi). DPIIT-recognised startup deferral under Section 192(1C) also evaluated.”
“Scheme of demerger under Sections 230-232 with NCLT — share-exchange ratio defended via NAV + DCF + market-price triangulation, fairness opinion separately obtained from Merchant Banker. NCLT did not raise a single valuation query during sanction hearing.”
Common questions from Royapuram clients. Call 9566-068-468 for specific queries.
Across Royapuram we look after firms on Cemetry Road, East Kalmandapam Road, West Madha Church Street, Ebrahim Sahib Street and Ebrahim Shahib street as well as the North Terminus Road, Rajaji Salai, Royapuram Bridge and Royapuram Harbour Bridge corridors — local Valuation without the cross-city travel.
Professional Business Valuation in Royapuram, Chennai. Call @ 9566-068-468. Offices at Maduravoyal, Nerkundram & Nolambur (upcoming). 15+ years experience, 4.9★ rated.
FilingPro Chennai — 15+ Years of Expert Tax & Business Consulting. Offices at Maduravoyal, Nerkundram & Nolambur (upcoming), Chennai. Call @ 9566-068-468. Disclaimer: Information on this page is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal, financial or tax advice. Consult a qualified professional for specific advice.