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OPC for education firms in Vandalur

OPC Incorporation — Vandalur & Perungalathur

Qualified OPC for Vandalur (PIN 600048) and adjacent Perungalathur — and a zero-penalty filing record

for the professional and salaried population of Vandalur navigating personal-tax and home-office GST — qualified review, a 7-year workpaper archive and fixed fees from day one. Call 9566-068-468.

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Quick Answer

What happens to an OPC if the sole member dies in Vandalur, Chennai?

On the death or incapacity to contract of the sole member, the nominee named in INC-3 automatically becomes the new member with all rights, liabilities and shareholding of the deceased member, by operation of Section 3(1) read with Rule 4. The new member must, within 15 days of becoming a member, intimate the Registrar in Form INC-4 along with INC-3 of the new nominee chosen by him — failing which there is no member-nominee combination, attracting Section 248 strike-off risk.

Transparent Pricing

OPC Incorporation in Vandalur — Plans & Pricing

Fixed fees · Zero hidden charges · Call 9566-068-468 for a custom quote.

MonthlyAnnualSave 2 Months
Basic OPC
One-time SPICe+ incorporation
₹6,500one-time

  • Name Reservation via SPICe+ Part A
  • SPICe+ Part B (Form INC-32) Drafting
  • eMoA (INC-33) & eAoA (INC-34) Preparation
  • INC-3 Nominee Consent Drafting
  • Class 3 DSC for Member-Director (1 token)
  • DIN Allotment under Section 152(7)
  • PAN & TAN Application via AGILE-PRO-S
  • GSTIN / EPFO / ESIC Bundling
  • First Board Meeting Minutes
  • Statutory Registers Setup
  • Post-Incorporation Compliance Calendar
  • WhatsApp Document Pickup
  • Certificate of Incorporation Delivery
Starter
Incorporation + bank account + first board meeting
₹10,500one-time

  • Name Reservation via SPICe+ Part A
  • SPICe+ Part B (Form INC-32) Drafting
  • eMoA (INC-33) & eAoA (INC-34) Preparation
  • INC-3 Nominee Consent Drafting
  • Class 3 DSC for Member-Director (1 token)
  • DIN Allotment under Section 152(7)
  • PAN & TAN Application via AGILE-PRO-S
  • INC-9 Subscriber & Director Declaration
  • AGILE-PRO-S Bank Account Opening Coordination
  • First Board Meeting Minutes & Section 173(5) Compliance
  • Statutory Registers Setup
  • Post-Incorporation Compliance Calendar
  • WhatsApp Document Pickup
  • Certificate of Incorporation Delivery
Most Popular ⭐
Professional
Incorporation + 90-day post-compliance
₹22,500/month
Annual: ₹270,000₹22,500 (Save ₹247,500)

  • Name Reservation via SPICe+ Part A
  • SPICe+ Part B (Form INC-32) Drafting
  • eMoA (INC-33) & eAoA (INC-34) Preparation
  • INC-3 Nominee Consent Drafting
  • Class 3 DSC for Member-Director (1 token)
  • DIN Allotment under Section 152(7)
  • PAN & TAN Application via AGILE-PRO-S
  • INC-9 Subscriber & Director Declaration
  • AGILE-PRO-S Bank Account Opening Coordination
  • First Board Meeting Minutes & Section 173(5) Compliance
  • Statutory Registers Setup (MBP-1
Premium
Incorporation + Section 18 conversion-readiness + investor pitch
₹55,000/month
Annual: ₹660,000₹55,000 (Save ₹605,000)

  • Name Reservation via SPICe+ Part A
  • SPICe+ Part B (Form INC-32) Drafting
  • eMoA (INC-33) & eAoA (INC-34) Preparation
  • INC-3 Nominee Consent Drafting
  • Class 3 DSC for Member-Director (1 token)
  • DIN Allotment under Section 152(7)
  • PAN & TAN Application via AGILE-PRO-S
  • INC-9 Subscriber & Director Declaration
  • AGILE-PRO-S Bank Account Opening Coordination
  • First Board Meeting Minutes & Section 173(5) Compliance
  • Statutory Registers Setup (MBP-1

Swipe to see all plans

Prices exclude GST. For enterprise pricing, call 9566-068-468.

Why FilingPro?

Why Vandalur Clients Choose FilingPro

Expert OPC in Vandalur — qualified professionals, 15+ years experience, zero-penalty track record.

Class 3 DSC Procured Same Day

Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate for the sole member-director procured from eMudhra, Sify, NSDL or Capricorn — Aadhaar e-KYC route used wherever possible for same-day issue.

Residency & NRI Eligibility Confirmed

Residency of 120 days under Rule 3(1) confirmed against passport stamps for Vandalur clients. NRIs (Indian citizens resident outside India) eligibility under the Companies (Amendment) Act 2021 confirmed from 01-April-2021 onwards.

Mandatory Conversion Trap Avoided

Many consultants still advise clients about the ₹50 lakh / ₹2 crore mandatory conversion thresholds — these are NO LONGER applicable post 01-April-2021. Vandalur OPC clients are correctly advised on voluntary-only conversion under Section 18.

AGILE-PRO-S Bundled Filings

AGILE-PRO-S linked form filed alongside SPICe+ — PAN, TAN, GSTIN (where Section 22/24 triggered), EPFO, ESIC and Profession Tax registrations along with bank account opening coordination through partner banks.

Section 173(5) Board Calendar

Section 173(5) half-yearly board meeting calendar issued at incorporation — one meeting in each half of calendar year with minimum 90-day gap. First board meeting minutes prepared with statutory items (Section 139(6) auditor appointment, registered office confirmation).

Section 122 Deemed Resolution Flow

Sole member resolutions communicated and recorded in the minutes book under Section 122(3) — the entry date is the deemed AGM date for AOC-4 (180 days) and MGT-7A (60 days) filing windows.

Key Benefits

What Vandalur Clients Get

Every OPC Incorporation engagement delivers measurable, guaranteed outcomes — expert professionals, on time, every time.

Limited Liability Under Section 2(62)
The sole member's exposure is limited to unpaid subscription on shares under Section 2(62). Personal assets of the Vandalur member-director are ring-fenced from business creditors — the foundational advantage of OPC over sole proprietorship.
Separate Legal Personality Under Section 9
Section 9 confers separate legal personality on the OPC from the date of incorporation — the OPC can sue and be sued in its own name, hold property in its own name and contract independent of the sole member.
Perpetual Succession via INC-3 Nominee
Through the INC-3 nominee mechanism under Rule 4, the OPC continues uninterrupted on the sole member's death or incapacity — the nominee automatically becomes the new member, eliminating the dissolution risk inherent to a sole proprietorship.
No AGM Requirement Section 96(1)
The proviso to Section 96(1) exempts OPCs from holding Annual General Meetings. Vandalur member-directors transact statutory business through Section 122 deemed resolutions — saving the cost, formality and timing constraints of physical AGMs.
Half-Yearly Board Meetings Section 173(5)
Section 173(5) requires only one board meeting in each half of a calendar year (90-day minimum gap) for OPCs and small companies — versus the four-meeting minimum for regular private limited companies under Section 173(1).
Cash Flow Statement Exempt Section 2(40)
Under the proviso to Section 2(40), OPCs need not prepare a cash flow statement. Financial statements comprise only the Balance Sheet, Statement of Profit and Loss and Notes — substantially reducing accounting and audit overhead.
Comparison

OPC vs Proprietorship

Why this matters here — Vandalur businesses operate where the cluster of education, tourism, residential businesses that defines Vandalur's commercial fabric, and served by short connections to Perungalathur and Mannivakkam and onward to central Chennai.

AspectOPCProprietorship
Decision driverDefault for most situationsRequired where alternative condition holds
Practitioner noteConfirm eligibility before commencementDocument the trigger before engagement begins
DefinitionOPC pathway under opc incorporationProprietorship pathway under opc incorporation
Trigger basisStatutory threshold or notified conditionAlternative condition prescribed by the operative section
Applicable section / ruleAs prescribed by the operative provisionAs prescribed by the alternative provision
Time limitPer statutory windowPer alternative statutory window
Compliance burdenLower / standardHigher / specialised
Documentation setStandard supporting documentsExtended supporting documents
Penalty exposure on defaultStandard penalty under the ActEnhanced penalty / disqualification consequence
ReversibilityReversible by amendment / withdrawalReversible only by separate statutory procedure
Typical use caseStandard opc incorporation pathwaySpecialised opc incorporation pathway
Cost implicationWithin standard fee bandMay attract specialist fees
Documents Required

Documents for OPC Incorporation

Share documents via WhatsApp to 9566-068-468. No office visit required for Vandalur clients.

PAN of the proposed sole member-director
Aadhaar of the sole member-director and the nominee
Recent passport-size photograph of member-director and nominee
INC-3 Nominee Consent — written consent with PAN and Aadhaar of the nominee
Registered office address proof — utility bill (not older than 2 months) and ownership proof
NOC from owner of premises where registered office is on rented or shared property
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Statutory Deadlines

Compliance deadlines that matter

Miss any of these and the next consequence kicks in automatically.

Deadlines in this neighbourhood — Vandalur businesses operate where the business activity radiating outward from Arignar Anna Zoological Park and nearby commercial pockets.

Trigger eventDaysFormConsequence
Incorporation of the OPC (commencement of business)180 daysINC-20AThe OPC cannot commence business or exercise borrowing powers until filed; late filing attracts a penalty of Rs.50,000 on the company and Rs.1,000 per day on each officer in default, and the Registrar may strike off the name.
Close of the financial year (31 March)180 daysAOC-4Financial statements must be filed within 180 days of the financial-year close; late filing attracts an additional fee of Rs.100 per day per form with no upper cap, and continuing default may attract penalty under Section 137(3).
Incorporation of the OPC (appointment of first auditor)30 daysBoard resolution (ADT-1 optional for first auditor)If the board or sole director fails to appoint the first auditor within 30 days, the member must appoint one within 90 days; continued default exposes the company and officers to penalty under Section 147.
Change of nominee or intimation of nominee cessation to the Registrar30 daysINC-4The company must file Form INC-4 within 30 days of the change; default attracts the residuary penalty of Rs.10,000 plus Rs.1,000 per day of continuing default.
Passing of the resolution to convert the OPC voluntarily30 daysINC-6The application for voluntary conversion into a private or public company must be filed within 30 days of the resolution by increasing members and directors and altering the MOA and AOA.
Withdrawal of consent by the nominee15 daysFresh nomination in Form INC-3On receiving the nominee's withdrawal, the sole member must nominate a new eligible person within 15 days and intimate the company, failing which the OPC lacks a valid nominee as required by Section 3(1) proviso.
Adoption of accounts by the sole member (deemed AGM date)60 daysMGT-7AThe abridged annual return in Form MGT-7A must be filed within 60 days of the deemed AGM date; late filing attracts an additional fee of Rs.100 per day and further penalty under Section 92(5).

Deadline pressure points we see in Vandalur: Where Vandalur differs: for the professional and salaried population of Vandalur navigating personal-tax and home-office GST.

Forms Library

Forms used in this engagement

SPICe+ (INC-32)Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically Plus

Integrated web form for name reservation (Part A) and incorporation (Part B) of the OPC, providing allotment of DIN for the sole director, PAN and TAN in a single application.

Filed at incorporation Central Registration Centre, MCA / Registrar of Companies
INC-33 and INC-34eMOA and eAOA

Electronic Memorandum of Association (INC-33) and Articles of Association (INC-34) filed as linked forms with SPICe+ Part B, setting out the OPC's objects, share capital, internal governance and the mandatory nominee clause.

Filed with SPICe+ at incorporation Central Registration Centre, MCA
INC-3Nominee Consent for OPC

Written consent of the person nominated to become the sole member on the subscriber's death or incapacity to contract; a mandatory attachment to SPICe+ and refiled whenever the nominee changes.

Filed with SPICe+ at incorporation; refiled on change of nominee Central Registration Centre, MCA
AGILE-PRO-S (INC-35)Application for GSTIN, EPFO, ESIC, Bank Account, Professional Tax and Shops registration

Linked form filed with SPICe+ to obtain GST registration, EPFO and ESIC numbers, a company bank account, and in applicable states professional-tax and shops-and-establishment registration, all in one application.

Filed with SPICe+ at incorporation MCA, routed to the respective authorities
AOC-4Filing of Financial Statements

Filing of the OPC's audited financial statements, comprising the balance sheet, statement of profit and loss, notes and the auditor's report, with the Registrar.

Within 180 days of the close of the financial year Registrar of Companies, MCA
MGT-7AAbridged Annual Return

Abridged annual return prescribed for OPCs and small companies from FY 2020-21, capturing shareholding, director and compliance particulars; it may be signed by the director without a company secretary.

Within 60 days of the deemed AGM date Registrar of Companies, MCA

OPC Incorporation in Vandalur, Chennai 600048

Vandalur is a south Chennai locality anchored by the Arignar Anna Zoological Park engineering colleges and residential apartment developments. We keep a cycle-by-cycle record of how the Tambaram Division of the Chennai South handles Vandalur filings and approvals. The 600xx geo-zone covering Vandalur groups several locality clusters under common administration, keeping documentation expectations predictable. Every Vandalur engagement we open begins with the basics: PIN 600048, the Tambaram Division, and the coordinates 12.8919, 80.0822 that anchor the locality.

Vandalur reads as a residential with zoo and education anchors pocket with medium commercial activity, anchored around Arignar Anna Zoological Park and fed by the Vandalur Bus Stop corridor. Commercial activity in Vandalur runs medium, so OPC volumes scale through peak months and we staff the Vandalur desk accordingly. Document pickup near Arignar Anna Zoological Park is a same-hour errand for our Vandalur engagements rather than the half-day a typical Chennai client expects. Freight and foot traffic from the Vandalur Bus Stop hub pull steady daily commerce through Vandalur, so there is rarely a quiet filing month in this residential with zoo and education anchors pocket.

residential units around Vandalur share recurring OPC patterns — input-credit timing, vendor reconciliation, and sector-specific documentation. Mixed residential activity across Vandalur means our OPC team keeps sector playbooks ready rather than improvising per client. The residential character of Vandalur commerce influences everything from invoice formats to the supporting documents a OPC Incorporation review needs. A residential operator in Vandalur gets a OPC workflow shaped by sector norms, not a one-size-fits-all template.

Our Vandalur OPC process is built to be predictable, documented, and on time, cycle after cycle. Fixed-fee scoping means a Vandalur business knows the OPC Incorporation cost up front, with no surprise additions mid-engagement. Every OPC file we open for Vandalur is reconciled, reviewed by a qualified practitioner, and archived for seven years. The qualified-review step on every Vandalur OPC file is where errors get caught before they reach the portal.

OPC Incorporation clients in Mannivakkam are handled by the same practitioners who run our Vandalur desk. Coverage from Vandalur naturally extends to Mannivakkam, so group entities across the area share one OPC Incorporation workflow. A client relocating between Vandalur and Mannivakkam keeps the same OPC file and the same team. From the same Vandalur team we also serve Mannivakkam and other nearby localities without re-onboarding clients.

Sector signals in Vandalur — seasonal tourism swings and peak-period volumes — shape how we schedule OPC work. The OPC Incorporation mistakes we see most in Vandalur are avoidable with disciplined intake, which our checklist enforces. Each engagement in Vandalur adds to a record of what the Chennai South jurisdiction expects, sharpening the next OPC file. Patterns we track for Vandalur include tourism documentation gaps, timing mismatches, and the questions the Tambaram Division tends to raise.

Relocating a registered office into Vandalur (PIN 600048) changes the assessing division, and we handle that OPC Incorporation transition cleanly. Shifting principal place of business to Vandalur means updating jurisdiction to the Chennai South, and we manage the paperwork end-to-end. New residential ventures in Vandalur lean on us to stand up OPC Incorporation correctly before the first deadline rather than after a notice. First-time OPC Incorporation for a Vandalur business is where getting the basics right saves years of cleanup later.

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Expert Guide

OPC Incorporation in Vandalur — Complete Guide

At FilingPro we evaluate the Section 115BAA (22%) and Section 115BAB (15% — new manufacturing) concessional tax regimes for Vandalur OPCs at the incorporation stage. Election in Form 10-IC or 10-ID in the first year crystallises the lower rate. The OPC structure also positions the founder for future angel investment via voluntary Section 18 conversion to Private Limited when the cap table needs to expand.

OPC Incorporation in Vandalur, Chennai

One Person Company registration for Vandalur entrepreneurs is filed under Section 2(62) of the Companies Act 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 — SPICe+ Part B with INC-3 Nominee, DIN under Section 152(7) and Certificate of Incorporation typically within 7 to 10 working days.

OPC Registration Consultant in Vandalur — SPICe+ Specialist

A dedicated OPC consultant in Vandalur drafts SPICe+ Part B (INC-32), eMoA (INC-33), eAoA (INC-34) and INC-3 Nominee Consent, secures Class 3 DSC, applies for DIN under Section 152(7) and coordinates AGILE-PRO-S for PAN, TAN, GSTIN, EPFO, ESIC and bank account opening in a single integrated filing.

Section 122 Deemed Resolution & MGT-7A — Post-Incorporation Compliance

OPCs in Vandalur comply via Section 122 deemed resolutions, Section 173(5) half-yearly board meetings (90-day gap), AOC-4 within 180 days from FY-end and MGT-7A simplified annual return within 60 days of deemed AGM date — all handled under our Professional and Premium plans.

OPC vs Private Limited & Voluntary Conversion under Section 18

For Vandalur businesses scaling beyond single-founder operations, voluntary conversion of OPC to private limited under Section 18 read with the amended Rule 6 (post 01-April-2021) is filed via Form INC-6 — mandatory thresholds were removed by the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules 2021.

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Key Facts — OPC Incorporation in Vandalur
SPICe+ Part B (INC-32) drafted for Vandalur clients with eMoA (INC-33), eAoA (INC-34), INC-3 Nominee Consent and AGILE-PRO-S — single integrated filing under Rule 38.
INC-3 Nominee Consent with PAN, Aadhaar and written consent of the nominee — mandatory under Rule 4 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014.
Residency check under Rule 3(1) — reduced from 182 to 120 days by the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules 2021; NRIs eligible from FY 2021-22.
Mandatory conversion thresholds (paid-up ₹50L / turnover ₹2 crore) confirmed REMOVED with effect from 01-April-2021 — voluntary conversion only via INC-6 under Section 18.
DIN allotted within SPICe+ under Section 152(7) — no separate DIR-3 required; Class 3 DSC procured for the sole member-director and the nominee where required.
Section 173(5) half-yearly board meeting calendar set for Vandalur clients — one meeting in each half of calendar year with a minimum 90-day gap.
Section 122 deemed resolutions and minutes book maintained — sole member's signed and dated minutes constitute resolutions passed at a general meeting under Section 122(3).
AOC-4 filed within 180 days of FY-end and MGT-7A simplified annual return filed within 60 days of deemed AGM date under Section 92(1) read with Rule 11(1).
Section 115BAA at 22% and Section 115BAB at 15% concessional tax regimes evaluated at incorporation for Vandalur OPCs — election filed in Form 10-IC / 10-ID in the first year.
Voluntary conversion to Private Limited under Section 18 read with amended Rule 6 — Form INC-6 with special resolution under Section 122 and increase in members to at least two.
People Also Ask — OPC in Vandalur
Who can incorporate a One Person Company in India?
Under Rule 3 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, only a natural person who is an Indian citizen and resident in India for at least 120 days in the immediately preceding financial year (reduced from 182 days post Companies (Amendment) Act 2021) may incorporate an OPC. NRIs (Indian citizens resident outside India) became eligible from 01-April-2021. Each natural person may incorporate only one OPC and be nominee in only one OPC.
Are the mandatory conversion thresholds for OPC still in force?
No. The earlier mandatory conversion thresholds — paid-up capital exceeding ₹50 lakh or average annual turnover exceeding ₹2 crore — were omitted by the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules 2021 with effect from 01-April-2021. Conversion is now only voluntary, filed via Form INC-6 under Section 18 read with the amended Rule 6. An OPC may continue to grow without forced conversion.
What is the role of the nominee in an OPC?
The nominee, named in Form INC-3 at the time of incorporation under Rule 4, is the natural person who will become the member of the OPC in the event of the sole member's death or incapacity to contract. The nominee is not a director, has no rights during the lifetime of the member, and may withdraw consent at any time under Rule 4(3) requiring fresh nomination within 15 days.
Is an OPC required to hold an Annual General Meeting?
No. The proviso to Section 96(1) of the Companies Act 2013 exempts OPCs from holding an Annual General Meeting. Annual financial statements are adopted via Section 122 deemed resolutions — the sole member's communication recorded in the minutes book signed and dated by the member. The date of such entry is treated as the deemed AGM date for filing AOC-4 within 180 days and MGT-7A within 60 days.
What is Form MGT-7A and how does it differ from MGT-7?
Form MGT-7A is the simplified Annual Return prescribed under Section 92(1) read with Rule 11(1) of the Companies (Management and Administration) Rules 2014 for OPCs and small companies. Compared to the full MGT-7, MGT-7A omits shareholder details, indebtedness analysis and several certifications, requires no PCS certification (Form MGT-8), and is filed within 60 days from the deemed AGM date for the OPC.
Can an OPC carry on Non-Banking Financial Investment activities?
No. Rule 3(6) of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 expressly prohibits an OPC from carrying out Non-Banking Financial Investment activities including investment in securities of any body corporate. NBFC business, mutual fund management, stock broking and similar SEBI/RBI-regulated activities require a private or public limited company structure with appropriate regulatory licences.
Who is eligible to incorporate an OPC in India?

Under Rule 3 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, only a natural person who is an Indian citizen — whether resident in India or otherwise — may incorporate an OPC and be its nominee. Bodies corporate, minors, foreign citizens (other than resident NRIs post-amendment), persons of unsound mind, and undischarged insolvents cannot become a member...

What is the residency requirement for an OPC member?

Following the Companies (Amendment) Act 2021 and the consequential MCA Notification dated 01-Feb-2021, the residency threshold under Rule 3(1) was reduced from 182 days to 120 days during the immediately preceding financial year. Effective 01-April-2021 NRIs (Indian citizens resident outside India) are also permitted to incorporate OPCs — a significant liberalisation removing the earlier resident-only...

Are the paid-up capital and turnover thresholds for mandatory OPC conversion still applicable?

No. The earlier mandatory conversion thresholds — paid-up capital exceeding ₹50 lakh OR average annual turnover exceeding ₹2 crore over three preceding financial years — were omitted by the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules 2021 with effect from 01-April-2021. Under the amended Rule 6, an OPC may now grow without compulsory conversion. Conversion to private...

What is Form INC-3 and why is it mandatory at incorporation?

Form INC-3 is the nominee consent form prescribed under Rule 4 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014. The sole member must nominate a natural person who, in the event of the member's death or incapacity to contract, becomes the member of the OPC. Without a duly executed and filed INC-3 the SPICe+ Part B (Form...

Can the nominee be changed after incorporation?

Yes. Under Rule 4(4) of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, the member may change the nominee at any time by giving notice to the company in Form INC-3 and filing Form INC-4 with the Registrar within 30 days of such change. The new nominee's written consent is mandatory. Where the nominee withdraws consent under Rule...

What is the procedure for incorporating an OPC?

OPC incorporation is filed via the integrated SPICe+ Part B (Form INC-32) along with linked forms — eMoA (INC-33), eAoA (INC-34), AGILE-PRO-S for GSTIN/EPFO/ESIC/Profession Tax/Bank Account, and INC-3 nominee consent. The proposed name is reserved either through SPICe+ Part A or RUN. Class 3 DSC of the member-director and Class 3 DSC of the nominee...

What Vandalur clients want to know before signing: Where Vandalur differs: on the Perungalathur-Mannivakkam corridor that passes through Vandalur.

Expert Guide

A complete walkthrough — Opc Registration

Reading this guide locally — Vandalur businesses operate where around the Arignar Anna Zoological Park catchment of Vandalur.

What is OPC Incorporation and when is it required

Service overview

OPC Incorporation in Chennai () is processed end-to-end by qualified Company Secretaries and Chartered Accountants at FilingPro under Section 2(62) of the Companies Act 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014. We file SPICe+ Part B (INC-32) with eMoA (INC-33), eAoA (INC-34), INC-3 Nominee Consent and AGILE-PRO-S in a single integrated application — Certificate of Incorporation typically delivered within 7 to 10 working days. Documents are accepted entirely on WhatsApp and no office visit is required.

Why opc incorporation matters for your business

No AGM Requirement Section 96(1)

The proviso to Section 96(1) exempts OPCs from holding Annual General Meetings. Chennai member-directors transact statutory business through Section 122 deemed resolutions — saving the cost, formality and timing constraints of physical AGMs.

Limited Liability Under Section 2(62)

The sole member's exposure is limited to unpaid subscription on shares under Section 2(62). Personal assets of the Chennai member-director are ring-fenced from business creditors — the foundational advantage of OPC over sole proprietorship.

Separate Legal Personality Under Section 9

Section 9 confers separate legal personality on the OPC from the date of incorporation — the OPC can sue and be sued in its own name, hold property in its own name and contract independent of the sole member.

How the engagement runs end to end

SPICe+ Part B & Linked Forms Drafting

SPICe+ Part B (INC-32) drafted with promoter, director, registered office, capital structure, MoA object clauses (Main Object aligned with intended business). eMoA (INC-33), eAoA (INC-34), INC-3 Nominee Consent, INC-9 Subscriber Declaration and AGILE-PRO-S (PAN, TAN, GSTIN, EPFO, ESIC, bank) attached.

SPICe+ Submission & Registrar Scrutiny

Integrated SPICe+ application submitted to MCA portal with stamp duty paid (Tamil Nadu State-specific). Registrar reviews under Rule 38; any RSUB query is replied within 15 days with corrective filings — typical clean approval within 3 to 5 working days of submission for Chennai OPCs.

Eligibility Assessment & Name Reservation

Rule 3 eligibility verified for the Chennai member — Indian citizen, 120-day residency check (or NRI eligibility post-2021), no existing OPC membership or nomination. Two proposed names submitted via SPICe+ Part A (or RUN if needed) under Section 4(2) — name available for 20 days.

What FilingPro brings to the engagement

SPICe+ Part B Filed Right First Time

Every SPICe+ Part B (INC-32) application is reviewed for completeness, name compliance with Section 4(2), MoA object clauses, AoA Article alignment and INC-3 nominee details before submission. Chennai clients have a near-zero RSUB rejection record.

INC-3 Nominee Consent Drafted Tight

The nominee's written consent in Form INC-3 along with PAN, Aadhaar and full address is drafted and notarised correctly under Rule 4 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 — eliminating the most common Registrar query at SPICe+ scrutiny.

DIN Allotted Within SPICe+

DIN for the sole member-director is allotted within SPICe+ under Section 152(7) — no separate DIR-3 application or fee. Chennai clients receive a clean DIN with the Certificate of Incorporation.

What Vandalur clients usually ask next: Where Vandalur differs: for the professional and salaried population of Vandalur navigating personal-tax and home-office GST.

Glossary

Plain-English glossary for this service

SPICe+

Form SPICe+ is the statutory form prescribed for opc incorporation engagements under the applicable Act. It carries the information set required by the prescribed authority and follows the timeline set by the relevant section or rule.

INC-32

Form INC-32 is the statutory form prescribed for opc incorporation engagements under the applicable Act. It carries the information set required by the prescribed authority and follows the timeline set by the relevant section or rule.

INC-3 Nominee

Form INC-3 Nominee is the statutory form prescribed for opc incorporation engagements under the applicable Act. It carries the information set required by the prescribed authority and follows the timeline set by the relevant section or rule.

Companies Act 2013 Section 2(62) and Rule 4

Companies Act 2013 Section 2(62) and Rule 4 is the operative provision of the Statutory Reference that governs opc incorporation in the present context. It sets the substantive obligation, the procedural pathway and the consequences of non-compliance.

nominee withdrawal procedure

nominee withdrawal procedure is a recurring compliance risk in opc incorporation engagements. Identifying it early in the workflow lets the practitioner mitigate the exposure before it ripens into an adverse statutory consequence.

conversion to private limited at threshold

conversion to private limited at threshold is a recurring compliance risk in opc incorporation engagements. Identifying it early in the workflow lets the practitioner mitigate the exposure before it ripens into an adverse statutory consequence.

annual return MGT-7A

annual return MGT-7A is a recurring compliance risk in opc incorporation engagements. Identifying it early in the workflow lets the practitioner mitigate the exposure before it ripens into an adverse statutory consequence.

Cost of Non-Compliance

Real-world penalty exposure

Numerical examples showing tax + interest + penalty across common default scenarios.

ScenarioBase taxInterestPenaltyTotal
OPC in {{area_name}} commenced business and borrowed without filing INC-20A within 180 days of incorporationNil (incorporation matter)NilRs.50,000 on the company plus Rs.1,000 per day on the director, director cap Rs.1,00,000Rs.50,000 + per-day fine
Financial statements in AOC-4 filed 100 days after the 180-day deadlineNilNilRs.100 per day additional fee with no cap = Rs.10,000 for 100 daysRs.10,000 additional fee
Abridged annual return MGT-7A filed 60 days lateNilNilRs.100 per day additional fee = Rs.6,000 for 60 daysRs.6,000 additional fee
Change of nominee not intimated to the Registrar in Form INC-4 within 30 daysNilNilRs.10,000 plus Rs.1,000 per day of continuing default under the residuary penaltyRs.10,000 + per-day fine
Director of the OPC missed the DIR-3 KYC deadline of 30 September and the DIN was deactivatedNilNilRs.5,000 reactivation fee per DIN; all e-filings requiring the director's DSC are blocked until reactivationRs.5,000 per DIN
OPC sought to be incorporated to carry on non-banking financial investment activity in securitiesNilNilIncorporation objects invalid; the OPC cannot be incorporated for such activity and the filing is liable to rejection or actionFiling rejected

How Vandalur businesses typically avoid these: Where Vandalur differs: the cluster of education, tourism, residential businesses that defines Vandalur's commercial fabric. We see for the professional and salaried population of Vandalur navigating personal-tax and home-office GST.

By Industry

Industry-specific patterns in Vandalur

How the local trade mix shapes this — Vandalur businesses operate where the cluster of education, tourism, residential businesses that defines Vandalur's commercial fabric.

Media and Content
Common issue: Solo content creators, designers, video producers and studio founders in Chennai increasingly incorporate an OPC to invoice brands, agencies and platforms that will not pay individuals or that deduct TDS awkwardly against a personal PAN. A frequent issue is a too-narrow eMOA object, such as graphic design services, that later obstructs allied revenue like licensing, merchandising, ad-revenue sharing or training. Creators earning platform payouts and foreign ad revenue often mishandle GST on export of services and neglect FIRC documentation for inward remittances. Because the work is solo and irregular, annual filings slip: AOC-4 and MGT-7A go unfiled and accumulate Rs.100-per-day fees, and DIR-3 KYC lapses, deactivating the director's DIN and freezing all e-filings.
How we handle it: Draft the eMOA object to cover design, content production, digital media, licensing and training so the OPC can diversify revenue without a Section 13 amendment, and list the relevant NIC codes in SPICe+ Part B. Register GST through AGILE-PRO-S and, where services are exported to overseas platforms, file a Letter of Undertaking to bill without IGST and retain FIRCs for each remittance. File INC-20A within 180 days and appoint the first auditor within 30 days. Automate a compliance calendar for the 180-day AOC-4, 60-day MGT-7A and 30-September DIR-3 KYC deadlines. Keep a simple monthly bookkeeping routine so irregular, lumpy creator income is captured accurately for the annual accounts and GST returns.
E-commerce
Common issue: Single-founder online sellers set up an OPC to open branded marketplace and payment-gateway accounts that require a registered company and a corporate bank account. A common problem is a mismatch between the registered-office address in the incorporation documents and the principal place of business declared in the GST application filed through AGILE-PRO-S, which triggers a GST deficiency memo and delays the GSTIN. Sellers also overlook that an OPC cannot be incorporated to carry on securities-investment or NBFC activity under Rule 3(6), and occasionally draft objects that stray into prohibited territory. Post-incorporation, they forget INC-20A before listing products, and multi-state warehousing, including marketplace fulfilment centres, creates additional GST registrations they did not plan for at incorporation.
How we handle it: Keep the registered-office address in SPICe+ identical to the principal place of business in the AGILE-PRO-S GST application, and declare additional fulfilment locations separately rather than substituting them. Draft the eMOA object squarely around online retail and marketplace selling, avoiding any NBFC or securities-investment language barred by Rule 3(6). File INC-20A within 180 days on receipt of subscription money before commencing sales and activating seller accounts. Plan for extra-state GST registrations wherever inventory is stored in marketplace warehouses, reconcile marketplace TCS credits monthly, and calendar the OPC's AOC-4 within 180 days and MGT-7A within 60 days so per-day additional fees never accrue.
IT Services
Common issue: Freelance developers and solo IT founders in Chennai often start as proprietors and only consider an OPC once overseas clients demand a body corporate. Two problems then recur. First, they draft a narrow eMOA object such as software services to domestic clients, which later blocks SaaS licensing, product sales or receiving foreign equity without a Section 13 object amendment. Second, they underestimate export-linked compliance: an OPC billing foreign clients needs GST registration, often as an exporter under a Letter of Undertaking, a current account able to receive inward remittances with FIRCs, and correct place-of-supply treatment. Because there is only one director, they also tend to neglect the annual AOC-4 and MGT-7A filings, assuming a single-member company has no real compliance, and then accumulate Rs.100-per-day additional fees.
How we handle it: Draft the eMOA object broadly to cover software development, IT-enabled services, SaaS and digital-product distribution, and cross-reference the relevant NIC codes in SPICe+ Part B so future pivots need no amendment. File AGILE-PRO-S at incorporation to obtain GSTIN and a current account together, and register a Letter of Undertaking so exports can be billed without IGST. Name an eligible nominee in Form INC-3 who is not already the nominee of another OPC. After incorporation, file INC-20A within 180 days on receipt of subscription money, appoint the first auditor within 30 days, and set a compliance calendar keyed to the 180-day AOC-4 and 60-day MGT-7A deadlines. Retain FIRCs and reconcile GST returns with foreign-remittance receipts each quarter.
Professional Services
Common issue: Independent consultants in management, HR, marketing and technology often incorporate an OPC to present a corporate identity to enterprise clients who insist on contracting with a company rather than an individual. A frequent issue is nominee eligibility: they casually name a relative in Form INC-3 without checking that the person is an Indian-citizen natural person, is not a minor, and is not already a member or nominee of another OPC, which triggers a SPICe+ resubmission. Another is the assumption that regulated professions can be practised through an OPC; statutory practice by chartered accountants, company secretaries or advocates is restricted by their professional bodies, so only advisory and consulting activity is appropriate. Many also ignore that an OPC still requires annual filings and director KYC to stay compliant.
How we handle it: Before filing, confirm nominee eligibility against Rule 3 and obtain fresh consent in Form INC-3, keeping a backup candidate ready. Where the founder is a regulated professional, restrict the OPC's object to permitted management, technology or business-advisory activity and keep statutory practice outside the company. Set the eMOA object wide enough to cover the full advisory scope and list matching NIC codes. After incorporation, file INC-20A within 180 days, appoint the first auditor within 30 days, and complete DIR-3 KYC by 30 September each year to keep the DIN active. Calendar AOC-4 within 180 days of year-end and MGT-7A within 60 days of the deemed AGM, and note that the OPC annual return can be signed by the director without a company secretary.
D2C Retail
Common issue: Single-founder direct-to-consumer brands in skincare, apparel, packaged foods and home goods often incorporate an OPC to build a defensible brand and limited liability before scaling online sales. The most common friction is name reservation: founders pick a name resembling an existing company or a registered trademark, and the Central Registration Centre rejects it under Rule 8 and 8A, costing a fresh fee and time. A second issue is product-specific licensing overlooked at incorporation, such as FSSAI for food, cosmetic rules for skincare, and legal-metrology requirements for packaged goods, none of which the eMOA object anticipates. Founders selling on marketplaces also underestimate GST place-of-supply, e-commerce TCS credits and returns handling, and frequently forget INC-20A before commencing sales.
How we handle it: Run an MCA master-data search and a Trade Marks Registry search before filing SPICe+ Part A, and apply with two distinctive alternatives aligned to the OPC's object. Draft the eMOA to expressly cover manufacture and online sale of the specific product category and list the correct NIC codes. Sequence the licences: obtain GSTIN through AGILE-PRO-S, then FSSAI or cosmetic licensing as applicable before the first dispatch. File INC-20A within 180 days on receipt of subscription money so the company can lawfully commence business and open marketplace seller accounts. Reconcile marketplace TCS credits in GST returns monthly, and calendar the OPC's AOC-4 and MGT-7A annual filings to avoid the Rs.100-per-day additional fee.
Case Studies

Anonymised engagements we have handled

Real client situations (names changed); illustrative of the kind of work we do.

Name reservationD2C Retail

OPC name rejected for resemblance to an existing trademark and company

Issue: A solo founder launching a direct-to-consumer skincare brand applied through SPICe+ Part A for a name closely resembling an existing registered company and a trademarked brand. The Central Registration Centre rejected the name under Rule 8 and 8A of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 as undesirable and too similar to an existing mark, costing the founder a fresh fee and roughly two weeks.
Approach: We ran an MCA master-data search and a Trade Marks Registry public search before re-applying, and prepared two distinctive alternatives built around a coined element to avoid phonetic and conceptual conflict. We aligned the proposed name with the OPC's main object, namely manufacture and online sale of cosmetics, and cited the founder's own pending trademark application as supporting material.
Outcome: The alternative name was approved on the second attempt within a few working days, and SPICe+ Part B was filed immediately thereafter. The OPC was incorporated with a clean, defensible brand name, and the founder proceeded to secure the matching trademark class for the brand.
ConversionIT Services

Established OPC advised it no longer faces mandatory conversion, then converts voluntarily to raise equity

Issue: A profitable single-founder software OPC in {{area_name}} had crossed the old two-crore paid-up and twenty-crore turnover marks and believed it was legally compelled to convert into a private limited company. Separately, the founder had received a term sheet from an angel investor who required equity, which is impossible in an OPC because it can have only one member.
Approach: We clarified that the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules 2021 had abolished the mandatory conversion thresholds, so there was no forced conversion. To admit the investor, however, we recommended a voluntary conversion into a private limited company under Rule 6 by increasing members and directors and filing Form INC-6, along with altered MOA and AOA and the necessary resolutions on the founder's own timeline.
Outcome: The founder avoided an unnecessary panic-driven conversion and instead converted deliberately to onboard the investor. The company completed the conversion and the funding round closed, with the founder retaining majority control and the OPC's compliance history carried forward into the private limited company.
Annual complianceConsulting

OPC hit with per-day additional fees for two years of late annual filing

Issue: A solo HR-consulting OPC had not filed AOC-4 or MGT-7A for two financial years because the founder assumed a single-member company carried minimal compliance. The unfiled forms were accruing an additional fee of Rs.100 per day each, and the director risked disqualification under Section 164(2) if the default reached three consecutive years.
Approach: We reconstructed the books, had the accounts audited, and computed the accumulated Rs.100-per-day additional fee for each pending AOC-4 and MGT-7A. We filed the overdue returns in the correct sequence before the third-year threshold that triggers director disqualification, and set up a recurring compliance calendar keyed to the 180-day AOC-4 and 60-day MGT-7A deadlines.
Outcome: Both years of AOC-4 and MGT-7A were regularised, stopping the daily fee from growing further and averting director disqualification. Ongoing filings are now made well within the statutory windows and the OPC's MCA master data shows an active, compliant status.
Structure choiceIT Services

Freelance developer converting a proprietorship to an OPC for client and limited-liability comfort

Issue: A solo full-stack developer in {{area_name}} operating as a proprietor was signing contracts with two overseas SaaS clients whose master service agreements required a body corporate with limited liability and a stable legal identity. As a proprietor he faced unlimited personal liability and could not show a corporate PAN or certificate of incorporation, which was blocking both deals, yet he had no co-founder to form a two-member private limited company.
Approach: We recommended a One Person Company under Section 3(1)(c) so he could retain full ownership while gaining limited liability and a corporate identity. We drafted the eMOA with a broad software-services object, filed SPICe+ with DSC and a fresh DIN for the sole director, named his spouse as nominee in Form INC-3 after confirming her eligibility under Rule 3, and used AGILE-PRO-S to obtain GSTIN and a current account in one filing. We then filed INC-20A on receipt of subscription money.
Outcome: The certificate of incorporation was issued within 9 working days and the GSTIN and bank account went live shortly after. Both overseas master service agreements were signed against the corporate entity, and the founder retained 100 per cent control with no dilution. We calendared the first-year AOC-4 and MGT-7A filings to avoid the Rs.100-per-day additional fee.

Why these Vandalur engagements look the way they do: Where Vandalur differs: the business activity radiating outward from Arignar Anna Zoological Park and nearby commercial pockets. We see for the professional and salaried population of Vandalur navigating personal-tax and home-office GST.

Client Reviews

What Vandalur Clients Say

Ramesh K
OPC Incorporation
“Incorporated my OPC through FilingPro in 9 working days — SPICe+ Part B was clean on first submission, INC-3 nominee consent was drafted properly with my brother as nominee and the Certificate of Incorporation along with PAN and TAN arrived together. Bank account opened the next week.”
2 weeks agoVerified Client
Priya S
OPC Incorporation
“FilingPro explained the post-2021 amendment clearly — that the ₹50 lakh and ₹2 crore mandatory conversion thresholds are no longer applicable. I was about to incorporate as a Private Limited unnecessarily. They saved me from unnecessary compliance and the OPC route was perfect for my consultancy.”
1 month agoVerified Client
Anand V
OPC Incorporation
“As an NRI working in Dubai with Indian citizenship I was told by another consultant that I cannot incorporate an OPC. FilingPro clarified the Companies (Amendment) Act 2021 position and confirmed eligibility from FY 2021-22 onwards. SPICe+ filed and Certificate received in 12 working days.”
3 months agoVerified Client
Sundari M
OPC Incorporation
“Switched my proprietorship to an OPC structure for liability protection on my growing e-commerce business. FilingPro handled the new OPC incorporation and guided me on closing the proprietorship GSTIN and migrating to the OPC GSTIN through the AGILE-PRO-S route. Smooth transition.”
6 weeks agoVerified Client
Karthik R
OPC Incorporation
“Required voluntary conversion of my OPC to Private Limited after raising angel investment. FilingPro filed INC-6 with the special resolution under Section 122, increased members to two and the new Certificate of Incorporation as a Private Limited was issued in 15 working days. Cap table and term sheet review was also included.”
2 months agoVerified Client
Divya P
OPC Incorporation
“FilingPro set up my OPC's full statutory register pack — MBP-1, MGT-1, SH-2, SH-3 and MA-1 — along with the first board meeting minutes and Section 173(5) half-yearly calendar. AOC-4 and MGT-7A filing dates were also calendared. Genuinely thorough post-incorporation handover.”
4 months agoVerified Client
4.9
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Common Questions

OPC FAQ — Vandalur

Common questions from Vandalur clients. Call 9566-068-468 for specific queries.

On the death or incapacity to contract of the sole member, the nominee named in INC-3 automatically becomes the new member with all rights, liabilities and shareholding of the deceased member, by operation of Section 3(1) read with Rule 4. The new member must, within 15 days of becoming a member, intimate the Registrar in Form INC-4 along with INC-3 of the new nominee chosen by him — failing which there is no member-nominee combination, attracting Section 248 strike-off risk.
Transfer of the entire shareholding from one member to another natural person eligible under Rule 3 is permitted by execution of share transfer deed (Form SH-4), board approval and update of the Register of Members under Section 88. The new member must execute INC-3 nomination afresh. Where the existing member intends to cease and a new natural person takes over, INC-4 is filed within 30 days to update Registrar records.
A consultant who knows the Chennai South jurisdiction and how Vandalur businesses operate moves faster and spots issues an online-only provider would miss. We are reachable on a real Chennai number, 9566-068-468, and can meet you in person whenever a matter genuinely needs it.
No. The earlier mandatory conversion thresholds — paid-up capital exceeding ₹50 lakh OR average annual turnover exceeding ₹2 crore over three preceding financial years — were omitted by the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules 2021 with effect from 01-April-2021. Under the amended Rule 6, an OPC may now grow without compulsory conversion. Conversion to private or public limited remains available voluntarily under Section 18 read with the amended Rule 6 in Form INC-6.
Government cost includes MCA filing fee (nil for authorised capital up to ₹15 lakh under Notification dated 19-Feb-2019 for OPCs and small companies in SPICe+), stamp duty (State-specific — Tamil Nadu approximately ₹500 on MoA and 0.15% on AoA up to ₹60 lakh), DIN (₹500 if applied separately, free in SPICe+), Class 3 DSC (₹1,500 to ₹2,500 per token), PAN/TAN (free in SPICe+), name reservation (₹1,000). Professional fees are charged separately.
Yes. Vandalur sits squarely within the Chennai South area we serve every day, and we have handled OPC Incorporation for education and other clients across this part of Chennai. That local familiarity means fewer surprises for you.
Under Section 92(5) and Section 137(3), default in filing MGT-7A or AOC-4 attracts a per-day late fee of ₹100 with no upper cap, plus penalty under Section 92(5) of ₹50,000 on the company and ₹50,000 on each officer in default. Continuous non-filing for two financial years also classifies the OPC as inactive under Section 248(1)(c), exposing it to Registrar-initiated strike-off.
Yes. Under the proviso to Section 2(40) of the Companies Act 2013, the financial statement of an OPC, small company and dormant company need not include a cash flow statement. The financial statement therefore comprises only the balance sheet, statement of profit and loss and notes to accounts — reducing accounting and audit overhead substantially compared to a regular private limited company.
The exact list depends on your case, but we send a short, plain-English checklist the moment you engage us — no jargon. Vandalur clients can share documents as phone photos or scans over WhatsApp on 9566-068-468, and we flag immediately if anything is missing.
A sole proprietorship is not a separate legal person — the proprietor and business are one, with unlimited personal liability for business debts and no perpetual succession. An OPC under Section 2(62) is a body corporate with separate legal personality, limited liability of the member to unpaid share capital, perpetual succession via the INC-3 nominee mechanism, and access to corporate tax regimes (115BAA/115BAB) — at the cost of statutory audit, ROC filings and higher compliance.
An OPC files Form AOC-4 (financial statements) within 180 days from the close of the financial year under Section 137(1) — the standard 30-day window from AGM does not apply because there is no AGM. The annual return is filed in Form MGT-7A (the simplified return for OPCs and small companies) under Section 92(1) read with Rule 11(1) of the Companies (Management and Administration) Rules 2014 within 60 days of the deemed AGM date.
Not sure whether OPC applies to you? Call 9566-068-468 and describe your situation — we will tell you plainly whether you need it, when, and what it involves, before you spend anything. Many Vandalur enquiries start exactly this way.
Yes. Under Rule 4(4) of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014, the member may change the nominee at any time by giving notice to the company in Form INC-3 and filing Form INC-4 with the Registrar within 30 days of such change. The new nominee's written consent is mandatory. Where the nominee withdraws consent under Rule 4(3), the member must nominate another person within 15 days of the notice of withdrawal and the company must intimate the Registrar in INC-4 within 30 days.
Following the Companies (Amendment) Act 2021 and the consequential MCA Notification dated 01-Feb-2021, the residency threshold under Rule 3(1) was reduced from 182 days to 120 days during the immediately preceding financial year. Effective 01-April-2021 NRIs (Indian citizens resident outside India) are also permitted to incorporate OPCs — a significant liberalisation removing the earlier resident-only restriction.
Form INC-4 is filed under Rule 4(4) of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 to intimate the Registrar of any change in the nominee — including withdrawal of consent by the existing nominee, change of nominee by the member, or cessation of nomination on death of the member followed by the nominee becoming the new member. It is filed within 30 days of the change with INC-3 of the new nominee where applicable.
Yes. Where an OPC is struck off by the Registrar under Section 248, restoration may be sought from the National Company Law Tribunal under Section 252 within 20 years from the date of publication of the strike-off notice in the Official Gazette. The application is by way of petition under NCLT Rules accompanied by audited financials, latest income-tax returns and reasons for non-compliance — restoration order is entered in the Registrar's records as if the company had never been struck off.

We serve businesses in every part of Vandalur, from Cheran Street, 6th Main Road, 7th Main Road, 8th Main Road and 9th Main Road to the Anna Street, Cholan Street, Kabilar St and Kalaimagal Street commercial pockets, with OPC handled end to end.

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Professional OPC Incorporation in Vandalur, Chennai. Call @ 9566-068-468. Offices at Maduravoyal, Nerkundram & Nolambur (upcoming). 15+ years experience, 4.9★ rated.

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